昌台牦牛产肉性能研究

为研究昌台牦牛的产肉性能,了解昌台牦牛种质资源特性,对8头(5公3母)成年昌台牦牛进行了屠宰测定。结果表明,成年昌台公、母牦牛宰前重分别为364.32、266.83 kg,差异极显著(P0.01);胴体重分别为186.60、125.67 kg,差异极显著(P0.01);净骨重分别为39.74、25.00 kg,差异极显著(P0.01);净肉重分别为147.84、100.83 kg,差异极显著(P0.01);屠宰率分别为51.15%、49.34%,差异显著(P0.05);净肉率分别为40.54%、37.66%,差异显著(P0.05);胴体产肉率分别为79.29%、80.24%,差异不显著(P0.05);骨肉比分别为1∶3.73、1∶4.03,差异极显著(P0.01)。昌台牦牛生长发育性能较好,产肉性能潜力大,应当进一步挖掘选育,加快其选育进程。     

发酵花生壳对育肥猪生产性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵花生壳对育肥猪生产性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响。选用100头50 kg左右、健康的杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头猪。对照组饲喂玉米—浓缩料型基础日粮,试验1~4组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加10%发酵花生壳、20%发酵花生壳、30%发酵花生壳、15%发酵玉米秸秆的试验日粮,试验期66 d。结果表明,对照组及试验2、3组平均日采食量显著高于试验1、4组(P<0.05),对照组和试验3组平均日增重显著高于试验1、4组(P<0.05),各组间料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验1、2、3、4组腹泻频率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);各组间胴体质量、屠宰率、背膘厚度、眼肌面积差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验2组瘦肉率显著低于对照组和试验1组(P<0.05);各组间大理石纹、肉色、嫩度、肌内脂肪、失水率及熟肉率差异均不显著(P>0.05),但试验1、2、3、4组失水率低于对照组,差异不显著(P>0.05);根据经济效益分析表明,在育肥猪从50~90 kg阶段,对照组每头猪平均盈利47.60元,试验1、2、3、4组每头猪平均盈利分别为56.40、60.40、78.80、58.80元,其中试验3组最优。综合上述的分析结果可知,发酵花生壳对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质无不良影响,且能有效地降低育肥猪的腹泻频率,提高猪肉的系水力,适当的添加可有效地降低饲养成本,提高经济效益。     

利用双能X射线预测绵羊胴体肌内脂肪含量的研究

本研究旨在探讨双能X射线在绵羊肌内脂肪(IMF)含量等营养指标测定中的应用价值。试验选取19只8月龄蒙古绵羊作为研究对象,利用索氏抽提法测定IMF含量,利用组织成分检测仪测定胴体骨密度(BMD)、胴体单位矿物质的脂肪含量(FBMC)、胴体单位矿物质的肌肉含量(LBMC)、后腿单位矿物质的脂肪含量(LFBMC)、后腿单位矿物质的肌肉含量(LLBMC) 5个指标,再将这些指标进行相关性分析、通径分析及回归方程的构建。结果显示,FBMC对IMF的决定程度最大,且FBMC与IMF构成的回归方程极显著,表明可通过检测FBMC来进行绵羊胴体IMF的预测。该研究为双能X射线在肉品质快速评定中的应用提供了必要的依据。     

不同日粮类型和粗蛋白质水平对四川山地乌骨鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

试验旨在研究不同日粮类型和粗蛋白质水平对四川山地乌骨鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响。采用2×2因子设计,设2种日粮类型(玉米—豆粕型和玉米—豆粕—酵母蛋白型)和2个粗蛋白质水平(16.5%和14.5%)。选用23周龄的四川山地乌骨鸡480只,设4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复30只鸡。预试期14 d,正试期120 d。结果表明,日粮类型对四川山地乌骨鸡的生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05),日粮16.5%粗蛋白质水平组平均蛋重显著高于14.5%粗蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。日粮类型与粗蛋白质水平互作可显著影响平均蛋重(P<0.05),但对产蛋率、日产蛋量、日采食量和料蛋比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮类型、粗蛋白质水平及日粮类型与粗蛋白质水平互作对四川山地乌骨鸡的屠宰性能均无显著影响(P>0.05),其中玉米—豆粕—酵母蛋白型(粗蛋白质16.5%)日粮组屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率最佳。结果提示,四川山地乌骨鸡的平均蛋重受日粮粗蛋白质水平影响较大;饲喂粗蛋白质水平为16.5%的玉米—豆粕—酵母蛋白型日粮可获得较好的生产性能和屠宰性能。     

酵母浓缩物对罗斯肉鸡屠宰性能和胴体品质的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加酵母浓缩物对罗斯肉鸡屠宰性能和胴体品质的影响。选取1日龄罗斯308肉鸡160只,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ~Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加2000、4000、6000、8000 mg/kg酵母浓缩物,其中Ⅱ组(2000 mg/kg)添加方式为1~42日龄连续添加;Ⅲ~Ⅴ组添加方式为1~21日龄添加酵母浓缩物,22~42日龄不添加酵母浓缩物。试验期42 d。结果表明,21日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组有提高屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率及降低腹脂率的趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组可显著提高肌肉的a值、降低肌肉剪切力(P<0.05),Ⅲ组可显著降低肌肉的b值(P<0.05)。42日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅳ组可显著降低腹脂率、提高胸肌率(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组可显著提高肌肉的a值(P<0.05),Ⅱ组可显著降低肌肉剪切力(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加酵母浓缩物可显著提高罗斯肉鸡的屠宰性能、改善胴体品质,并具有滞后效应,最佳添加剂量为6000 mg/kg,添加方式为1~21日龄添加,22~42日龄不添加。     

Growth performance and carcass quality are not different between pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented low-oil DDGS and pigs fed conventional DDGS,but pelleting improves gain to feed ratio regardless of source of DDGS

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented, low oil distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is not different from that of pigs fed diets containing conventional DDGS regardless of the physical form of the diets. A total of 160 barrows and gilts were used. There were 4 diets, 10 pens per diet, and 4 pigs per pen. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fed a common phase 1 diet that did not contain DDGS during the initial 7 d post-weaning. Pigs were then allotted to the four diets that were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two sources of DDGS (cold-fermented and conventional DDGS) and two diet forms (meal and pellets). Pigs were fed phase 2 diets from day 7 to 21 and phase 3 diets from day 21 to 43 post-weaning. All diets were based on corn and soybean meal, but phase 2 diets also contained 15% DDGS and phase 3 diets contained 30% DDGS. From day 43, pigs were fed grower diets for 38 d, early finisher diets for 38 d, and late finisher diets for 18 d and these diets also contained 30% DDGS. Feed was provided on an ad libitum basis and daily feed allotments were recorded. Pigs were weighed at the beginning of each phase and at the conclusion of the experiment. On the last day of the experiment, the pig in each pen with a body weight that was closest to the pen average was slaughtered and carcass measurements were determined. Combined results for the two nursery phases indicated that feeding meal diets instead of pelleted diets increased (P < 0.001) average daily feed intake and decreased (P < 0.05) gain to feed ratio (G:F). However, no differences between the two sources of DDGS were observed for the overall growth performance of weanling pigs. For the entire growing-finishing period, the source of DDGS did not affect growth performance, but pigs fed meal diets had reduced (P < 0.001) G:F compared with pigs fed the pelleted diets. There were no differences between the two sources of DDGS for carcass characteristics. Back fat was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed pelleted diets than for pigs fed meal diets. In conclusion, no differences in growth performance or carcass characteristics between pigs fed cold-fermented DDGS and pigs fed conventional DDGS were observed. However, pigs fed pelleted diets had greater G:F and greater back fat than pigs fed meal diets.     

Effects of GH gene polymorphism and sex on carcass traits and fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle

To investigate the effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene polymorphism on carcass traits and fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle caused by nucleotide substitution of CTG (allele A)/GTG (allele B) at codon 127 and of ACG (allele A and B)/ATG (allele C) at codon 172 of bGH, GH genotypes of 135 cattle were determined using allele specific-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Allele A gave greater rib thickness and lower melting point of fat (MP) while allele B gave higher C18:1% ( P  < 0.05). Allele C gave higher C18:1, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) percentages ( P  < 0.05). It also gave lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) percentages, higher MUFA/SFA and USFA/SFA ratios, and lower MP ( P  < 0.05). Interactions of sex and GH alleles were analyzed. In heifers, allele A gave higher carcass weight, daily carcass gain, rib eye area, rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, and BMS while allele B gave greater rib eye area and rib thickness ( P  < 0.05). Allele C gave higher C18:1 ( P  < 0.01), MUFA ( P  < 0.01), USFA percentages ( P  < 0.05) and MUFA/SFA and USFA/SFA ratios ( P  < 0.01), and lower C16:0 and SFA percentages ( P  < 0.05) and MP ( P  < 0.01). GH gene polymorphism affected carcass traits and fatty acid compositions although the effects were more pronounced in heifers.     

饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡屠体性状的影响

本研究选择笼养和放养条件下49周龄的卢氏绿壳蛋鸡各20只（公母各半）,测定了其屠体性状。结果表明,饲养方式对卢氏绿壳蛋鸡的活重、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率、翅重、心脏重、肝脏重、脾重、肠重、胃重和生殖器官重的影响均差异不显著（P>0.05）。饲养方式对公鸡的各项指标影响差异不显著（P>0.05）,而对母鸡的头重、颈重、脚重影响很大（P<0.01）;相同饲养条件下公鸡的全净膛率、腹脂率、头重、脚重、颈重、翅重、心脏重和肠重极显著高于母鸡（P<0.01）,对肝脏重、脾脏重和胃重的影响差异不显著（P>0.05）;笼养时公鸡的活重、腿肌率和生殖器官重显著高于母鸡（P<0.05）,而对半净膛率和胸肌率的影响不显著（P>0.05）;放养时母鸡的生殖器官重极显著的高于母鸡（P<0.01）;不同饲养条件下,公鸡头重、颈重、肠重、生殖器官重与屠宰率相关性不显著（P>0.05）;母鸡脚重、翅重、肠重、脾脏重与屠宰率的相关性显著（P<0.05）。     

不同饲养方式对拜城油鸡生长、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

[目的]探讨不同饲养方式对拜城油鸡生长、屠宰性能以及肉品质的影响,为拜城油鸡生产实际提供参考依据.[方法]试验选用1日龄的300只初生重相近的拜城油鸡雏鸡,随机分为散养、地面平养及网上饲养三个组,每组设4个重复,每个重复25只鸡,试验鸡饲喂相同的日粮.[结果]散养组鸡的末重及平均日增重显著低于地面平养组和网上饲养组(P＜0.05);散养组鸡的半净膛率显著低于网上饲养组与平养组(P＜0.05),腹脂率极显著低于网上饲养组(P＜0.01)和显著低于地面平养组(P＜0.05);散养组鸡胸、腿肌24、48h滴水损失率低于地面平养组和网上饲养组(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01);散养组鸡胸、腿肌剪切力显著高于地面饲养组和网上饲养组(P＜0.05);散养组鸡胸肌OD值高于地面饲养组和网上饲养组(P＜0.05);散养组鸡腿肌灰分含量高于地面平养和网上饲养组(P＜0.01);散养组鸡胸、腿肌肌内脂肪和腿肌肌苷酸含量均高于地面平养和网上饲养组(P＜0.05);网上饲养组胸肌及腿肌肌纤维直径均小于地面饲养组和散养组(P＜0.05),相反肌纤维密度小于地面饲养组和散养组(P＜0.05).饲养方式对拜城油鸡其它性能和肉质指标没有显著影响.[结论]三种饲养方式各有优缺点,生产者应根据自己的实际情况以及不同市场对鸡肉产品的不同要求选用适宜的饲养方式.     

葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶对肉鸡营养利用和屠宰性能的影响

用300只1周龄的Arbor Acres(AA)商品肉公鸡,采用2×3试验设计,研究了玉米豆粕型低磷饲粮中添加葡萄糖酸钠(0和2%)和植酸酶(0、500、1 000 U/kg)对肉鸡营养物质利用、胃肠道pH值和屠宰性能的影响.结果表明:在低磷饲粮中添加葡萄糖酸钠提高了肉鸡前期的干物质表观存留率(P<0.000 1)和腹脂率(P=0.063);添加植酸酶提高了肉鸡的全净膛率(P=0.065)、腿肌率(P=0.093)、腹脂率(P=0.001),降低了回肠pH值(P=0.07);葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶在腹脂率提高上存在互作效应(P=0.043).